Laurance
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Post by Laurance on Jun 6, 2010 5:06:03 GMT 1
Could Pulsed plasma thrusters be one way the UFO use, as we know from research on Earth, Pulsed power uses less energy and is a more efficient. This is the Wiki page upon the subject:- Pulsed plasma thrusters are a method of spacecraft propulsion which use an arc of electric current adjacent to a solid propellant, to produce a quick and repeatable burst of impulse. PPTs are excellent for attitude control, and for main propulsion on particularly small spacecraft with a surplus of electricity (those in the hundred-kilogram or less category). However they are also one of the least efficient electric propulsion systems, with a thrust efficiency of less than 10%.
PPTs have much higher exhaust velocity than chemical propulsion engines. According to the Tsiolkovsky equation this results in proportionally higher final velocity of propelled craft. The principle of operation is the electromagnetic acceleration of propellant via the Lorentz force to the velocities of the order of tens of km/s - which is much higher than the thermal velocity of chemical engines. Chemical propulsion engines, with their limited rate of chemical reaction exhaust velocity (which is in the range of 2-4.5 km/s), become exponentially ineffective (see Tsiolkovsky equation) to achieve high interplanetary speeds (which in Solar system is in 20-70 km/s range).
Pulsed plasma thrusters were the first electric thrusters to be deployed in space, used for attitude control on the Soviet probes Zond 2, from parking at Earth orbit to Mars on November 30, 1964, and Zond 3 in 1965. The active gases used in the Soviet plasma propulsion engines were argon and helium. Soviet engineers subsequently returned to the use of high-pressure nitrogen jets.
Pulsed plasma thrusters were flown in November, 2000 as a flight experiment on the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center EO-1 spacecraft. The thrusters successfully demonstrated the ability to perform roll control on the spacecraft and also demonstrated that the electromagnetic interference from the pulsed plasma did not affect other spacecraft systems. These experiments used Teflon as the propellant.
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uforn
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Investigator In Training
In Search For The Truth
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Post by uforn on Jun 29, 2010 23:58:01 GMT 1
One can only speculate on the types of propulsion they use m8
I do believe however that Govt's have this Technology and are using it Today...
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Post by meldrew on Jan 26, 2011 18:54:42 GMT 1
Summary: If we are to explain UFOs in terms of physics we understand to some degree, yet still conform to witness observations, it seems essential to assume UFOs are capable of generating artificial gravity fields (in GR terms, to manipulate the curvature of the fabric of space-time), much as we produce magnetism with electric currents. An approximation -probably oversimplified- of overall UFO behaviour is via accepting such a (hypothetical, or at least not known to or acknowledged by "white-world" Physics) gravity-like repulsive force-field. The glow / luminescence in various colours around the UFO (apparently shape depends on UFO's shape as well as its current maneuver, so the UFO's outline as seen by external observer can change), is thought to be due to ionization of surrounding air (atmosphere around the UFO "lights up", much like what happens in neon-lamps), hereafter referred to as "UFO plasma sheath". Brightness/color changes of the "UFO plasma sheath" seem to be related with thrust/acceleration. The air ionization seems to be caused by the EM radiation emitted by the UFO, and is thought to be a secondary effect of the propulsion system. This includes UV (suggested by many cases of sunburn-like effects and eye and skin irritation) and soft X-rays (suggested by "burn ring" traces on ground where UFOs landed). Considering the difficulty of creating plasma in normal atmospheric conditions, in combination with other observations, like the luminosity of submarine UFOs, the sudden appearance of condensation / mist when starting up in high humidity conditions and noise patterns, it all suggests an envelope of lower atmospheric density near the UFO's surface. A near vacuum, i.e. the air/water is "pushed away" from the skin of the craft (confirmed by observations when UFOs rise from water), which minimizes friction and heating issues. Plasmas can interact strongly with electromagnetic radiation, "Plasma Stealth" is a proposed process that uses ionized gas (plasma) to reduce the radar cross section (RCS) of an aircraft. This may explain why sometimes UFOs are seen visually, but not tracked on radar. Often UFOs have a very strong magnetic field. Also, in several cases, light (e.g. from car headlights or beaming spotlights) is reported to "bend" in front of the UFO, an effect which some suggest is related with the most controversial aspect of UFO reports: the apparent ability to disappear / "blink out" or seem to "implode" (diminish in angular size) [miniature-scale "gravitational lensing"-type phenomenon?]. Physiological effects on humans include: sunburn-type effect and eye irritation, extreme dryness of the nasal area and of the throat, color changes in vision, extreme headaches and a heating/burning sensation. Witnesses and animals have become sick and even died, with symptoms similar to radiation poisoning, after close approach to a UFO. Given the tremendous amount of energy UFOs seem to be expending, their power source is a big mystery. Many ideas have been proposed, including that UFOs are storing energy in a very concentrated form, or converting gravity to usable energy (H.Oberth 1950s), or utilising ambient energy (speculations about being able to tap the so-called Zero-Point-Energy) or utilize remote transmission of power (wireless energy transfer). It seems that UFOs defy our currently accepted Physics, e.g. the conservation of momentum (UFOs accelerate without throwing any material out the backside). Both Newton's gravity and General Relativity (Einstein's theory of gravitation), require the existence of "negative mass" (or energy) for antigravity to be possible. This has been a major hurdle to the study of UFOs by many "mainstream" physicists in previous decades (e.g. read Markowitz, W., "The Physics and Metaphysics of Unidentified Flying Objects", Science, Vol. 157, 1967). My opinion: Having spent considerable time researching the UFO subject, it seems to me that the public scientific research most promising to be related to the UFO propulsion question, is the so-called Gravitomagnetism (the subject of field effects caused by moving matter, it has nothing to do with magnetism despite its name) and in particular any connection of gravitation with superconductivity, the purported "enhanced or boosted Gravitomagnetism". I am inclined to also include claims made in the 1990s by Russian materials scientist E.Podkletnov of "gravity shielding" effects when experimenting with rotating superconductors in a magnetic field, characterised "controversial" and apparently had a negative effect to his carreer. In Mar-2006, an experiment by Austrian physicist M.Tajmar et al funded by ESA (European Space Agency), reported generation of a toroidal (tangential, azimuthal) gravitational field in a rotating accelerated (time dependent angular velocity) superconducting Niobium ring. My opinion stems from the fact that UFO literature since the 1940s consistently documents: 1/ direct gravity-like effects 2/ perception of rotation on UFOs, such as at the rim of saucer-/saturn-/sphere-shaped UFOs 3/ saucers flying in a manner as if the drive is acting perpendicular to the plane of the disk 4/ strong magnetic fields. The commonly observed UFO shapes (disk, spheroid) are seemingly not chosen for aerodynamic purposes (considering when discoid UFOs want to fly away fast, they tilt and fly with the plane of the disk directed forward). Very early in the UFO study, there was the idea that "saucers do their business at the rim" (APRO, Hill), the same area which generally is reported to rotate and glow. However, in this page I provide links to other ideas on possible UFO propulsion which have been proposed over the years, such as Magneto[Hydro/Aero]Dynamics (the most popular), to Pulsed EM, to mag-lev type levitation. Extract from Paul Hill's (NASA aeronautical engineer, bio) book "Unconventional Flying Objects: A Scientific Analysis" on UFO illumination (colors, brightness) and performance (acceleration). Review of Paul Hill's book by Hal Puthoff, PhD theoretical physicist: www.hyper.net/ufo/physics.html
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