Post by uforn on Aug 29, 2013 14:31:19 GMT 1
Element 115 Exists And Has Been Confirmed By Scientists
Most people know the story of Bob Lazar and Element 115. Well the existance of the element has been confirmed by Scientists from Lund University in Sweden.
Here is the CNN article ~
(CNN) -- As though it wasn't hard enough to memorize the names and atomic weights of 117 elements in the periodic table, scientists have now confirmed a new one.
Researchers from Lund University in Sweden created it by slamming atoms of one element, calcium, into atoms of another called americium.
The newly formed element vanished quickly in a flash of radiation that scientists could measure.
That flash, or "fingerprint," confirmed the existence of an element with 115 protons at its center. That would give it the atomic number of 115 on the periodic table, the list of all elements known to humanity.
The Swedes were the second group of scientists to create the element. A group of Russian scientists put together the same type of atom in 2004.
But the new experiment corroborated their work and confirmed 115's existence.
Still, this doesn't mean that you'll see element 115 on the next periodic table poster that gets published. The discovery still has to be approved by a committee composed of members of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry and the International Union of Pure and Applied Physics. This working group will determine whether the existing evidence is enough to justify adding the element to the table, or if more proof is required.
Super-heavy element
The more protons an atom has, the higher its number on the periodic table. And with 115 protons, this new element earns the moniker "super-heavy element."
For the sake of comparison, an atom of lead only has 82 protons. Gold has just 79.
But you won't find a chunk of element 115 lying around anywhere.
The highest-numbered element on the periodic chart that exists in nature is uranium, which has 92 protons at its core. However, trace amounts of plutonium and neptunium have been found naturally as well.
That means more than two dozen of all the known elements were artificially created.
Why create elements that disappear in a flash? Scientists hope one day to make one that doesn't, thus creating a brand new lasting element, Popular Science magazine reports.
But for this particular element, the researchers assert on their website, "any practical implications are seemingly far fetched."
The Swedish scientists have not given element 115 a name yet.
Until they do, it has a temporary name: "Ununpentium." That may be harder to memorize than "element 115," but it is a scientific term made from Latin and Greek that basically means 1-1-5.
edition.cnn.com/2013/08/28/world/europe/new-chemical-element/index.html?hpt=hp_t3
Researchers from Lund University in Sweden created it by slamming atoms of one element, calcium, into atoms of another called americium.
The newly formed element vanished quickly in a flash of radiation that scientists could measure.
That flash, or "fingerprint," confirmed the existence of an element with 115 protons at its center. That would give it the atomic number of 115 on the periodic table, the list of all elements known to humanity.
The Swedes were the second group of scientists to create the element. A group of Russian scientists put together the same type of atom in 2004.
But the new experiment corroborated their work and confirmed 115's existence.
Still, this doesn't mean that you'll see element 115 on the next periodic table poster that gets published. The discovery still has to be approved by a committee composed of members of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry and the International Union of Pure and Applied Physics. This working group will determine whether the existing evidence is enough to justify adding the element to the table, or if more proof is required.
Super-heavy element
The more protons an atom has, the higher its number on the periodic table. And with 115 protons, this new element earns the moniker "super-heavy element."
For the sake of comparison, an atom of lead only has 82 protons. Gold has just 79.
But you won't find a chunk of element 115 lying around anywhere.
The highest-numbered element on the periodic chart that exists in nature is uranium, which has 92 protons at its core. However, trace amounts of plutonium and neptunium have been found naturally as well.
That means more than two dozen of all the known elements were artificially created.
Why create elements that disappear in a flash? Scientists hope one day to make one that doesn't, thus creating a brand new lasting element, Popular Science magazine reports.
But for this particular element, the researchers assert on their website, "any practical implications are seemingly far fetched."
The Swedish scientists have not given element 115 a name yet.
Until they do, it has a temporary name: "Ununpentium." That may be harder to memorize than "element 115," but it is a scientific term made from Latin and Greek that basically means 1-1-5.
edition.cnn.com/2013/08/28/world/europe/new-chemical-element/index.html?hpt=hp_t3
This new scientific research confirms other research done back in 2004. Here's some research done from 2004 some time ago. there is a lot of information to look at, enjoy
www.gravitywarpdrive.com/Element_115.htm
Bob Lazar talks about the reactor ~ users.skynet.be/fb719180/www.boblazar.com/closed/MPGdownload/reactor.mpeg
The power source is a reactor which uses element 115 as its fuel. In this reactor element 115 is used as a target and is bombarded with protons in a small, highly sophisticated particle accelerator. When a proton fuses into the nucleus of an atom of 115, it is transmuted and becomes an atom of element 116. Although we too can transmute elements here on earth, it is typically not done in this fashion, or at anywhere near this level of efficiency. Furthermore, we have yet to produce anything heavier than element 112.
As soon as each atom of 115 is transmuted into 116, it immediately decays and produces a radiation unlike that which we normally observe in nuclear decay. Each atom of element 116 decays and releases two antiprotons (anti-hydrogen), a form of antimatter. Antimatter can be produced in particle accelerators here on earth, but only in minute quantities and only stored for short periods of time.
The flux of antimatter particles produced in the reactor are channeled down an evacuated, tuned tube (which keeps it from contacting with the matter that surrounds it) and reacted with a gaseous matter target. This Total Annihilation reaction is the most efficient and energetic nuclear reaction there is. The more familiar nuclear reactions are Fission, producing energy from the splitting of atoms as used in nuclear reactors & atomic bombs, and Fusion, the fusing or combining of atoms (typically hydrogen nuclei) to release even more energy. Fusion is the reaction that powers the sun and other stars and is what gives hydrogen bombs their "punch". These two more common nuclear reactions are dwarfed by the power and efficiency of the annihilation reaction used in the alien reactor.
The reaction between the gaseous matter target and the antimatter particles produces a continuos release of tremendous amounts of heat. This heat is converted directly into electricity by the use of a thermionic Generator. The Thermeonic generator used in this reactor is so efficient, that there is no detectable waste heat produced. This is an apparent violation of one of the basic laws of thermodynamics. Similar, but not nearly as efficient or powerful, thermionic generators are used as power sources in our satellites and space probes.
As amazing and efficient as all this seems, it is only secondary to the primary function of the reactor. The antiparticle flux emitted from the transmuting element 115 is not the only energy radiated during operation. This is the point at which the gravity A wave is first produced. The gravity wave emitted by the 115 reaction appears on the hemisphere of the reactor, propagating up the tuned waveguide in a fashion very similar to the way microwaves behave.
All of the actions and reactions inside the reactor are orchestrated perfectly like a tiny little ballet, and in this manner, the reactor provides an enormous amount of power used to amplify the gravity A wave so it can cause the requisite space/time distortion for space travel.. users.skynet.be/fb719180/www.boblazar.com/closed/space.html
users.skynet.be/fb719180/www.boblazar.com/closed/reactor.html
www.youtube.com/watch?v=NUfY2L3Q8xs
From WIKI:
Ununpentium ("Element 115")
USES:
Related real use:
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materials_science_in_science_fiction
Discovery profile of element 115 from wiki:
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ununpentium
Unobtainium - not sure if this is relevant ~link: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unobtainium
Livemore National Laboratory:
Livermore Scientists Team With Russia To Discover Elements 113 and 115 ~ February 2, 2004
www.llnl.gov/news/newsreleases/2004/NR-04-02-01.html
Element 118 disappears two years after it was discovered
Retraction Paper - [PDF][Archived] physicsworld.com/cws/article/news/2629
UCRL-CONF-217831
Chemical Identification of Dubnium as a Decay Product of Element 115 www.thelivingmoon.com/forum/index.php?topic=190.30
UCRL-PROC-224777
Chemical Identification of a Long-Lived Isotope of Dubnium, a Descendant of Element 115 e-reports-ext.llnl.gov/pdf/338922.pdf
LLNL-TR-400991
New Fragment Separation Technology for Superheavy Element Research e-reports-ext.llnl.gov/pdf/357222.pdf
Bob Lazar talks about the reactor ~ users.skynet.be/fb719180/www.boblazar.com/closed/MPGdownload/reactor.mpeg
The power source is a reactor which uses element 115 as its fuel. In this reactor element 115 is used as a target and is bombarded with protons in a small, highly sophisticated particle accelerator. When a proton fuses into the nucleus of an atom of 115, it is transmuted and becomes an atom of element 116. Although we too can transmute elements here on earth, it is typically not done in this fashion, or at anywhere near this level of efficiency. Furthermore, we have yet to produce anything heavier than element 112.
As soon as each atom of 115 is transmuted into 116, it immediately decays and produces a radiation unlike that which we normally observe in nuclear decay. Each atom of element 116 decays and releases two antiprotons (anti-hydrogen), a form of antimatter. Antimatter can be produced in particle accelerators here on earth, but only in minute quantities and only stored for short periods of time.
The flux of antimatter particles produced in the reactor are channeled down an evacuated, tuned tube (which keeps it from contacting with the matter that surrounds it) and reacted with a gaseous matter target. This Total Annihilation reaction is the most efficient and energetic nuclear reaction there is. The more familiar nuclear reactions are Fission, producing energy from the splitting of atoms as used in nuclear reactors & atomic bombs, and Fusion, the fusing or combining of atoms (typically hydrogen nuclei) to release even more energy. Fusion is the reaction that powers the sun and other stars and is what gives hydrogen bombs their "punch". These two more common nuclear reactions are dwarfed by the power and efficiency of the annihilation reaction used in the alien reactor.
The reaction between the gaseous matter target and the antimatter particles produces a continuos release of tremendous amounts of heat. This heat is converted directly into electricity by the use of a thermionic Generator. The Thermeonic generator used in this reactor is so efficient, that there is no detectable waste heat produced. This is an apparent violation of one of the basic laws of thermodynamics. Similar, but not nearly as efficient or powerful, thermionic generators are used as power sources in our satellites and space probes.
As amazing and efficient as all this seems, it is only secondary to the primary function of the reactor. The antiparticle flux emitted from the transmuting element 115 is not the only energy radiated during operation. This is the point at which the gravity A wave is first produced. The gravity wave emitted by the 115 reaction appears on the hemisphere of the reactor, propagating up the tuned waveguide in a fashion very similar to the way microwaves behave.
All of the actions and reactions inside the reactor are orchestrated perfectly like a tiny little ballet, and in this manner, the reactor provides an enormous amount of power used to amplify the gravity A wave so it can cause the requisite space/time distortion for space travel.. users.skynet.be/fb719180/www.boblazar.com/closed/space.html
users.skynet.be/fb719180/www.boblazar.com/closed/reactor.html
www.youtube.com/watch?v=NUfY2L3Q8xs
From WIKI:
Ununpentium ("Element 115")
USES:
Ununpentium has been theorized to be inside the island of stability. This probably explains why it had all sorts of lore around it before it was actually synthesized. In the world of UFO conspiracy theory culture during the 1980s and 1990s, Bob Lazar asserted that ununpentium functioned as "fuel" for UFOs, being "stepped up" to livermorium under "particulate bombardment," and that the livermorium's decay products would include antimatter.[20] In the X-COM series, in reference to this kind of UFO theory, ununpentium is known as elerium-115 or just elerium (the name "elerium-115" being an error as in this form the number refers to the atomic mass instead of the atomic number, meaning that elerium would have no neutrons, which is not possible). It is used by the aliens to power their weapons and fly their UFOs on the game series.[21] It can't be found naturally on Earth and it generates anti-matter when bombarded with certain particles, while also releasing gravity waves and other types of energy.[citation needed] A stable isotope of ununpentium occurs in the game Dark Reign. A stable isotope of "Element 115" powered the Back Step time machine system in the American television series Seven Days.[22] An accidental environmental contamination once caused a large number of congenital disorders. Ununpentium is featured in Call of Duty: World at War and Call of Duty: Black Ops in the side-campaign Nazi Zombies. In it, ununpentium is used for multiple reasons, being used to power weapons, teleporters, and even creating the zombies themselves.[23] In Tomb Raider III, Element 115 is one of the four pieces of meteorite rock acquired by Lara Croft during the course of the game. The element can shoot powerful turquoise blasts, and can also be used to speed up and personally alter evolution, even evolving an already developed life form.[24] |
Related real use:
There is considerable scientific speculation about the possibility of stable elements in the Island of stability. However, all forms of Ununpentium that have been synthesized are highly unstable. |
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materials_science_in_science_fiction
Discovery profile of element 115 from wiki:
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ununpentium
Source: Ununpentium could theoretically be produced by bombarding 243Am with 48Ca ions in a heavy ion accelerator. IUPAC does not accept there is enough evidence to accept ununpentium as an established element. www.chemicool.com/elements/ununpentium.html |
Unobtainium - not sure if this is relevant ~link: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unobtainium
Livemore National Laboratory:
Livermore Scientists Team With Russia To Discover Elements 113 and 115 ~ February 2, 2004
LIVERMORE, Calif. — Scientists from the Glenn T. Seaborg Institute and the Chemical Biology and Nuclear Science Division at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, in collaboration with researchers from the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Russia (JINR), have discovered the two newest super heavy elements, element 113 and element 115. In experiments conducted at the JINR U400 cyclotron with the Dubna gas-filled separator between July 14 and Aug. 10, 2003, the team of scientists observed atomic decay patterns, or chains, that confirm the existence of element 115 and element 113. In these decay chains, element 113 is produced via the alpha decay of element 115. The results have been accepted for publication in the Feb. 1, 2004 issue of Physical Review C. "These elemental discoveries underscore both the value of federally-supported basic research and the benefit of unfettered international scientific collaboration," Secretary of Energy Spencer Abraham said. The experiments produced four atoms each of element 115 and element 113 through the fusion reaction of calcium-48 nuclei impinging on an amercium-243 target. The team observed three similar decay chains consisting of five consecutive alpha decays that combined took less than 30 seconds and terminated in a spontaneous fission of an element 105 (dubnium) isotope with a very long half-life (16 hours), making the discovery of particular interest to chemists. An interesting fourth decay chain also was observed that consisted of decays that were unlike the previous three chains. Joshua Patin, Livermore’s primary data analyst on the team, said the three similar decay patterns were a “positive identifier that something good had been seen because the long decay chains just don’t happen that often.” “This just opens up the horizon on the periodic table,” said Ken Moody, Livermore’s team leader. “It allows us to expand the fundamental principles of chemistry. From new chemistry comes new materials and new technology.” Scientists at Livermore and JINR independently verified the data. An efficient accelerator is needed to obtain an intense calcium-48 beam. The results have only been achieved to date on the JINR’s U400 cyclotron. Associates at JINR’s ion-source group produced the intense calcium beams while Livermore supplied the americium target material. “Twenty years ago, no one would have ever thought that this was possible because the technology to produce such an element just wasn’t there,” Patin said. “But with the efficiency of the Russian cyclotron and the ability to run the experiments for long periods of time, we were able to achieve this tremendous accomplishment.” Members of the Livermore team include Patin, Moody, John Wild, Mark Stoyer, Nancy Stoyer, Dawn Shaughnessy, Jacqueline Kenneally and Ronald Lougheed. Livermore has had a long-standing heavy element group since the inception of the Laboratory in 1952. The group has been successful in the discovery of several new elements over the years because it has access to very unique materials to perform the experiments. In 1998 and 1999, the Laboratory announced the discovery of elements 114 and 116, respectively. “This is quite a breakthrough for science,” said Chemistry and Materials Science Associate Director Tomas Diaz de la Rubia. “We’ve discovered two new elements that provide insight into the makeup of the universe. “For our scientists to find two more pieces of the puzzle is a testament to the strength and value of the science and technology at this Laboratory.” Scientists in Livermore’s Seaborg Institute, named after the renowned nuclear chemist, reinvent nuclear and bionuclear science to enable out-of-the-box solutions to national problems. The work is supported by the Russian Ministry of Atomic Energy and the U.S. Department of Energy as part of the Russian Federation/U.S. Joint Coordinating Committee for Research on Fundamental Properties of Matter. For images and animation, go to www.llnl.gov/pao/photo_gallery/elements.html Founded in 1952, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory is a national security laboratory, with a mission to ensure national security and apply science and technology to the important issues of our time. Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory is managed by the University of California for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration. |
www.llnl.gov/news/newsreleases/2004/NR-04-02-01.html
Element 118 disappears two years after it was discovered
Retraction Paper - [PDF][Archived] physicsworld.com/cws/article/news/2629
LLNL Papers on 115
UCRL-CONF-217831
Chemical Identification of Dubnium as a Decay Product of Element 115 www.thelivingmoon.com/forum/index.php?topic=190.30
UCRL-PROC-224777
Chemical Identification of a Long-Lived Isotope of Dubnium, a Descendant of Element 115 e-reports-ext.llnl.gov/pdf/338922.pdf
LLNL-TR-400991
New Fragment Separation Technology for Superheavy Element Research e-reports-ext.llnl.gov/pdf/357222.pdf